1.
A block connected to a spring oscillates vertically. A damping force $${F_d},$$ acts on the block by the surrounding medium. Given as $${F_d} = - bVb$$ is a positive constant which depends on :
$$F = - bV,b$$ depends on all the three i.e, shape and size of he block and viscosity of the medium.
2.
A particle, with restoring force proportional to displacement and resisting force proportional to velocity is subjected to a force $$F\sin \omega t.$$ If the amplitude of the particle is maximum for $$\omega = {\omega _1}$$ and the energy of the particle is maximum for $$\omega = {\omega _2},$$ then
A.
$${\omega _1} = {\omega _0}\,\,{\text{and}}\,\,{\omega _2} \ne {\omega _0}$$
B.
$${\omega _1} = {\omega _0}\,\,{\text{and}}\,\,{\omega _2} = {\omega _0}$$
C.
$${\omega _1} \ne {\omega _0}\,\,{\text{and}}\,\,{\omega _2} = {\omega _0}$$
D.
$${\omega _1} \ne {\omega _0}\,\,{\text{and}}\,\,{\omega _2} \ne {\omega _0}$$
At maximum energy of the particle, velocity resonance takes place, which occurs when frequency of external periodic force is equal to natural frequency of undamped vibrations, i.e. $${\omega _2} = {\omega _0}.$$
Further amplitude resonance takes place at a frequency of external force which is less than the frequency of undamped natural vibrations, i.e. $${\omega _1} \ne {\omega _0}.$$
3.
A simple pendulum oscillates in air with time period $$T$$ and amplitude $$A.$$ As the time passes
$$\eqalign{
& \frac{T}{2} = 0.5\,\sec \Rightarrow T = 1\,\sec \cr
& v = \frac{1}{T} = 1\,Hz \cr} $$
5.
A bent tube of uniform cross-section area $$A$$ has a non-viscous liquid of density $$\rho .$$ The mass of liquid in the tube is $$m.$$ The time period of oscillation of the liquid is
The potential energy of a particle executing $$SHM$$ is given by,
$$U = \frac{1}{2}m{\omega ^2}{x^2}$$
$$U$$ is maximum, when $$x = a =$$ amplitude of vibration i.e. the particle is passing from the extreme position and is minimum when $$x = 0,$$ i.e. the particle is passing from the mean position
$$\therefore {U_{\max }} = \frac{1}{2}m{\omega ^2}{a^2}\,......\left( {\text{i}} \right)$$
Also, total energy of the particle at instant $$t$$ is given by
$$E = \frac{1}{2}m{\omega ^2}{a^2}\,......\left( {{\text{ii}}} \right)$$
So, when $$E = 160\,J,$$ then maximum potential energy of particle will also be $$160\,J.$$ Alternative
$${\left( {KE} \right)_{\max }} = {\left( {PE} \right)_{\max }} = {\text{Total Mechanical Energy}}$$
So, Total Mechanical Energy $$= 160\,J$$
7.
The amplitude of a damped oscillator decreases to 0.9 times its original magnitude in $$5s.$$ In another $$10s$$ it will decrease to $$\alpha $$ times its original magnitude, where $$\alpha $$ equals
$$\because A = {A_0}{e^{ - \frac{{bt}}{{2m}}}}$$ (where, $${A_0}$$ = maximum amplitude)
According to the questions, after 5 second,
$$0.9{A_0} = {A_0}{e^{ - \frac{{b(5)}}{{2m}}}}\,......\left( {\text{i}} \right)$$
After 10 more second,
$$A = {A_0}{e^{ - \frac{{b(15)}}{{2m}}}}\,......\left( {{\text{ii}}} \right)$$
From eqns (i) and (ii)
$$A = 0.729{A_0}\,\therefore \alpha = 0.729$$
8.
A simple pendulum performs simple harmonic motion about $$x = 0$$ with an amplitude $$a$$ and time period $$T.$$ The speed of the pendulum at $$x = \frac{a}{2}$$ will be
Use the equation of motion of a body executing $$SHM.$$
i.e. $$x = a\sin \omega t$$
As we know, the velocity of body executing $$SHM$$ is given by
$$\eqalign{
& v = \frac{{dx}}{{dt}} = a\omega \cos \,\omega t = a\omega \sqrt {1 - {{\sin }^2}\omega t} \cr
& = \omega \sqrt {{a^2} - {x^2}} \cr
& {\text{Here,}}\,x = \frac{a}{2} \cr
& \therefore v = \omega \sqrt {{a^2} - \frac{{{a^2}}}{4}} = \omega \sqrt {\frac{{3{a^2}}}{4}} \cr
& = \frac{{2T}}{T}\frac{{a\sqrt 3 }}{2} \cr
& = \frac{{\pi a\sqrt 3 }}{T} \cr} $$
9.
A mass $$m$$ is suspended from the two coupled springs connected in series. The force constant for springs are $${k_1}$$ and $${k_2}.$$ The time period of the suspended mass will be
A.
$$T = 2\pi \sqrt {\frac{m}{{{k_1} - {k_2}}}} $$
B.
$$T = 2\pi \sqrt {\frac{{m{k_1}{k_2}}}{{{k_1} + {k_2}}}} $$
C.
$$T = 2\pi \sqrt {\frac{m}{{{k_1} + {k_2}}}} $$
Derive an expression from the given values which must be similar to $$a = - {\omega ^2}x.$$ Then calculate time period from the values in place of $$\omega .$$
The situation is shown in figure. Consider two springs of spring constants $${k_1}$$ and $${k_2}.$$ Here, the body of weight $$mg$$ is suspended at the free end of the two springs in series combination. When the body is pulled downwards through a little distance $$y,$$ the two springs suffer different extensions say $${y_1}$$ and $${y_2}.$$ But the restoring force is same in each spring.
$$\eqalign{
& \therefore F = - {k_1}{y_1} \cr
& {\text{and}}\,\,F = - {k_2}{y_2} \cr
& {\text{or}}\,\,{y_1} = - \frac{F}{{{k_1}}} \cr
& {\text{and}}\,\,{y_2} = - \frac{F}{{{k_2}}} \cr} $$
$$\therefore $$ Total extension, $$y = {y_1} + {y_2}$$
$$\eqalign{
& = - \frac{F}{{{k_1}}} - \frac{F}{{{k_2}}} \cr
& = - F\left( {\frac{{{k_1} + {k_2}}}{{{k_1}{k_2}}}} \right) \cr
& {\text{or}}\,\,F = - \left( {\frac{{{k_1}{k_2}}}{{{k_1} + {k_2}}}} \right)y \cr} $$
If $$k$$ is the spring constant of series combination of springs then $$F = - ky$$
$$\therefore k = \frac{{{k_1}{k_2}}}{{{k_1} + {k_2}}}$$
If the body is left free after pulling down, it will execute $$SHM$$ of period
$$\eqalign{
& T = 2\pi \sqrt {\frac{m}{k}} \cr
& = 2\pi \sqrt {\frac{{m\left( {{k_1} + {k_2}} \right)}}{{{k_1}{k_2}}}} \cr} $$
10.
Which of the following is true about total mechanical energy of $$SHM$$ ?