The correct order of relative basicity of amines in the gas phase is \[{{3}^{\circ }}>{{2}^{\circ }}>{{1}^{\circ }}>N{{H}_{3}}\]
The alkyl group releases electron and thus, tends to disperse the positive charge of the alkyl ammonium $$ion$$ and therefore stabilises it. Since, \[NH_{4}^{+}\] ( from \[N{{H}_{3}}\] ) has no such alkyl group, it is not stabilised to such an extent as alkylammonium $$ion.$$
3.
Indicate which nitrogen compound amongst the following would undergo Hofmann reaction?
When amides react with bromine in the presence of caustic alkali to form a primary amine carrying one carbon atom less than the parent amide, then the reaction is known as Hofmann bromamide reaction.
$$RCON{H_2} + B{r_2} + 4KOH$$ \[\xrightarrow{\text{Heat}}RN{{H}_{2}}+{{K}_{2}}C{{O}_{3}}\] $$ + 2KBr + 2{H_2}O$$
4.
Coupling of diazonium salts of following takes place in the order
4 moles of $$NaOH$$ and one mole of $$B{r_2}$$ is required during production of one mole of amine during Hoffmann's
bromamide degradation reaction.
\[R\overset{\begin{smallmatrix}
O \\
\parallel
\end{smallmatrix}}{\mathop{-C-}}\,N{{H}_{2}}+B{{r}_{2}}+4NaOH\] \[\to R-N{{H}_{2}}+{{K}_{2}}C{{O}_{3}}+2NaBr+2{{H}_{2}}O\]
6.
$$ + C{H_3}MgBr \to P$$
Product $$P$$ in the above reaction is
Primary aromatic amines react with nitrous acid to yield arene diazonium salts.
\[\underset{{{1}^{\circ }}\,\text{Aromatic amine}}{\mathop{ArN{{H}_{2}}+NaN{{O}_{2}}}}\,+2HX\xrightarrow{cold}\underset{\text{Arenediazonium salt}}{\mathop{Ar-N={{N}^{+}}{{X}^{-}}}}\,+NaX+2{{H}_{2}}O\]
The diazonium group can be replaced by fluorine by treating the diazonium salt with fluoroboric acid $$\left( {HB{F_4}} \right).$$ The precipitated diazonium fluoroborate is isolated, dried and heated until decomposition occurs to yield the aryl fluoride. This reaction is known as Balz - Schiemann reaction.
\[Ar-{{N}_{2}}^{+}{{X}^{-}}\xrightarrow{HB{{F}_{4}}}Ar-{{N}_{2}}^{+}B{{F}_{4}}^{-}\downarrow \xrightarrow{heat}Ar-F+B{{F}_{3}}+{{N}_{2}}\]
8.
Electrolytic reduction of nitrobenzene in weakly acidic medium gives