According to Fajan’s rule smaller, highly charged cation has greatest covalent character while large cation with smaller charge has greatest ionic character.
It involves $$s{p^3}{d^2}$$ hybridisation in $$Xe - {\text{atom}}{\text{.}}$$ The molecules has square planar structure. $$Xe$$ and four $$F - {\text{atoms}}$$ are coplanar. The lone pairs are present on
axial positions, minimise electron pair repulsion.
7.
The correct order of $$C - O$$ bond length among $$CO,CO_3^{2 - },C{O_2}$$ is
A bond length is the average distance between the centres of nuclei of two bonded atoms.
A multiple bond (double or triple bonds) is always shorter than the corresponding single bond.
The $$C - {\text{atom}}$$ in $$CO_3^{2 - }$$ is $$s{p^2}$$ hybridised as shown:
The $$C - {\text{atom}}$$ in $$C{O_2}$$ is $$sp$$ hybridised with bond distance carbon-oxygen is $$122\,pm.$$
The $$C - {\text{atom}}$$ in $$CO$$ is $$sp$$ hybridised with $$C - O$$ bond distance is $$110\,pm.$$
So, the correct order is
$$CO < C{O_2} < CO_3^{2 - }$$
Equilateral or triangular planar geometry is formed by $$s{p^2}$$ hybridisation.
9.
Which of the following observations can be explained on the basis of hydrogen bonding?
(i) $$H-F$$ has higher boiling point than other halogen acids.
(ii) $${H_2}O$$ has highest boiling point among hydrides of group 16 elements.
(iii) $$N{H_3}$$ has lower boiling point than $$P{H_3}.$$